Humanin: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Research

A Peptide Encoded Inside the Mitochondrial Genome

Humanin is unusual for a peptide: it is encoded within the 16S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA, not by the nuclear genome. Its discovery launched the "mitochondrial-derived peptide" (MDP) category — a small but growing family that now includes MOTS-c and the SHLPs (small humanin-like peptides).

The research-grade compound is available as Humanin 10mg.

Structure: A 24-Amino-Acid Peptide

Humanin is a 24-amino-acid peptide. Analogs with modifications have been developed for improved stability — the most-studied is HNG (S14G humanin), though native humanin remains the reference research compound.

Receptor Signaling: Two Pathway Branches

Humanin engages two distinct receptor systems:

1. FPR2/FPRL1: Formyl peptide receptor 2 — activates anti-apoptotic signaling
2. CNTFR/WSX-1/gp130: Heterotrimeric complex — activates STAT3 signaling

Both pathways converge on cellular survival and anti-apoptotic outcomes. This dual-receptor profile gives humanin broader biological reach than most single-receptor peptides.

Research Domains

Four research areas dominate the humanin literature:

• Neuroprotection: Particularly against amyloid-beta toxicity in Alzheimer's models
• Metabolic regulation: Insulin sensitivity and glucose handling research
• Cardioprotection: Ischemia-reperfusion injury models
• Cellular aging: Reduced humanin levels correlate with aging markers

The breadth reflects both the dual-receptor signaling and the mitochondrial origin — mitochondrial health touches many aging-relevant pathways.

The MDP Family Context

Since humanin's discovery, other MDPs have been identified:

Humanin and MOTS-c are the two best-characterized; the SHLPs are earlier-stage research.

Handling

Lyophilized humanin is stable at −20°C. Reconstituted solutions at 2–8°C should be used within 28 days. >98% HPLC purity is the research standard.

For mitochondrial-derived peptide research, see Humanin 10mg.